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Smartphones dont usually draw that much power manufacturers commonly stick with a lower amperage (like 3A), but its a boon for USB-C laptops like the MacBook Pro and Google Chromebook Pixel.

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Technology now allows for a quick charge during the limited downtime we find in our busy day-to-day lives.

Who wouldnt want a smartphone that charges in minutes instead of hours.

Charging standards are a complicated mix of chemistry and physics, and each has its own sets of limitations, with incompatibility an issue as well.

To make matters worse, smartphone manufacturers tend to slap confusing labels on their charging tech.

Our guide to the most popular wireless charging standards on the market breaks them down to their most basic level.

Here is everything you need to know about Samsung Adaptive Fast Charging, USB Power Delivery, Qualcomm Quick Charge, OnePlus Warp Charge, and more.

Over time, ions atoms with too few or too many electrons form in the electrodes, driving a flow of electrons to the batterys negative outer terminal and supplying your phone with an electric charge.

But in the rechargeable lithium-ion batteries that power smartphones, the reactions are reversible.

But to understand how fast charging works, you have to know a bit about something called a charge controller.

Volts are a measure of voltage, amps are a measure of current, and watts are a measure of electrical power.

A common analogy is a garden hose: Volts are equivalent to the water pressure in the hose; the current is equivalent to the flow rate; wattage is equivalent to the volume of the spouts spray.

Greater current and higher voltages charge batteries faster, but theres a limit to what they can take.

The charge controller (IC) protects against dangerous spikes in current.

Generally speaking, lithium-ion controllers define the current (in amps) at which the battery charges by measuring the batterys cell current and voltage and then adjusting the current flowing in.

Some use a DC to DC converter to change the input voltage, and fancier integrated circuits adjust the resistance between the charger input and the battery terminal to ramp the current flow up or down.

Theres a really good reason: Besides the fact that USB cables are relatively easy to find these days, USB has a really robust, well-defined charging standard called the USB Power Delivery Specification.

The average incandescent light bulb, by comparison, draws about 40W of power.

Its technically capable of carrying the USB 2.0 spec, but most manufacturers opt for USB 3.1, which can potentially deliver a much higher voltage.